Hallux Rigidus

What is A Hallux Rigidus

Hallux rigidus, which is actually a form of degenerative arthritis in the big toe (first metatarsal phalangeal joint). The big toe joint becomes stiff, and motion becomes limited. Sometimes, a bump forms on the top of the joint.

Causes

Common causes of hallux rigidus are faulty function (biomechanics) and structural abnormalities of the foot. These abnormalities may be hereditary. In some cases, hallux rigidus can be a result of overuse.

Symptoms

Pain and stiffness in the big toe joint
Difficulty with certain activities (running, squatting)
Inflammation and redness

Diagnosis

Hallux rigidus is often diagnosed by limited range of motion of the big toe on physical exam. X-rays can help determine how much arthritis is present as well as to evaluated for any bone spurs or other abnormalities that may have formed.

Treatment

Non-surgical

Changes in shoe wear
Activity modifications
Medications- NSAIDs, steroids
Steroid Injection
Orthotic devices

Surgical

If non-surgical treatment fails to relieve pain and when the pain of a bunion interferes with daily activities, it's time to discuss surgical options with a foot and ankle surgeon. Together you can decide if surgery is best for you.

Joint Sparing procedures- procedures that maintain motion of the joint without disruption of the joint

Cheilectomy- involves removal of excess bone within the joint
Osteotomy- involves cutting into the 1st metatarsal to realign the joint and provide the joint with more space for movement

Joint removal procedures- procedures that remove the existing joint.

Arthrodesis/fusion- fusing the 1st metatarsal to the big toe and removing all motion at the joint
Arthroplasty- removing one side of the joint to allow for motion of the joint
Joint replacement- removal of one or both sides of the joint and replacing the cartilage with an implant